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路由器，并且学习在视图之间导航。" target="_self"><span>5. 添加应用内导航</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="tutorial/toh-pt6" title="第六部分：通过 HTTP 来获取并保存英雄数据。" target="_self"><span>6. 从服务器获取数据</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="通过数据绑定构建动态视图" aria-pressed="false"><span>组件与模板</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/displaying-data" title="属性绑定可以帮助应用把数据显示在界面上" target="_self"><span>显示数据</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/template-syntax" title="学习如何写模板，以便借助数据绑定机制显示数据并响应事件。" target="_self"><span>模板语法</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/user-input" title="用户输入会触发 DOM 事件。Angular 会通过事件绑定来监听那些事件，并把修改后的值传回应用的组件和模型中。" target="_self"><span>用户输入</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/lifecycle-hooks" title="Angular 调用指令和组件的生命周期钩子函数，包括它的创建、变更和销毁时。" target="_self"><span>生命周期钩子</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/component-interaction" title="在不同的指令和组件之间共享信息" target="_self"><span>组件交互</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/component-styles" title="添加专属于某个组件的样式" target="_self"><span>组件样式</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dynamic-component-loader" title="动态加载组件" target="_self"><span>动态组件</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/elements" title="把组件转换成自定义元素" target="_self"><span>Angular 元素</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/attribute-directives" title="属性型指令把行为添加到现有元素上。" target="_self"><span>属性型指令</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/structural-directives" title="结构型指令可以操纵页面的布局" target="_self"><span>结构型指令</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/pipes" title="管道可以在模板中转换显示的内容。" target="_self"><span>管道</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 expanded selected ng-star-inserted" title="Angular 的表单" aria-pressed="true"><span>表单</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 expanded selected"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/forms-overview" title="表单可以创建集中、高效、引人注目的输入体验。Angular 表单可以协调一组数据绑定控件，跟踪变更，验证输入，并表达错误信息。" target="_self"><span>简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/reactive-forms" title="使用 FormBuilder、表单组和表单数组创建响应式表单。" target="_self"><span>响应式表单</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/forms" title="使用指令和 Angular 模板语法创建模板驱动表单。" target="_self"><span>模板驱动表单</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/form-validation" title="验证用户的表单输入" target="_self"><span>表单验证</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 expanded selected ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dynamic-form" title="使用 FormGroup 渲染动态表单。" target="_self"><span>动态表单</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Observable 与 RxJS" aria-pressed="false"><span>Observable 与 RxJS</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/observables" title="" target="_self"><span>可观察对象(Observable)</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/rx-library" title="" target="_self"><span>RxJS 库</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/observables-in-angular" title="" target="_self"><span>Angular 中的可观察对象</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/practical-observable-usage" title="" target="_self"><span>用法实战</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/comparing-observables" title="" target="_self"><span>与其它技术的比较</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular 中的模块" aria-pressed="false"><span>NgModules</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ngmodules" title="使用 NgModule 让你的应用更高效" target="_self"><span>NgModule 简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ngmodule-vs-jsmodule" title="JavaScript 模块和 NgModule 之间的差异" target="_self"><span>JS 模块 vs NgModule</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/bootstrapping" title="告诉 Angular 如何在根 &quot;AppModule&quot; 中构造和引导应用。" target="_self"><span>应用的根模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/frequent-ngmodules" title="介绍最常用的 NgModule" target="_self"><span>常用模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/module-types" title="介绍特性模块的几种类型" target="_self"><span>特性模块的分类</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/entry-components" title="关于 Angular 中入口组件的一切" target="_self"><span>入口组件</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/feature-modules" title="创建特性模块，以组织你的代码" target="_self"><span>特性模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/providers" title="服务提供商与 NgModule" target="_self"><span>服务提供商</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/singleton-services" title="创建单例服务" target="_self"><span>单例服务</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules" title="惰性加载模块，以提高应用的性能" target="_self"><span>惰性加载的特性模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/sharing-ngmodules" title="共享 NgModule 让你的应用现代化。" target="_self"><span>共享 NgModule</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ngmodule-api" title="理解 NgModule 的那些细节。" target="_self"><span>NgModule API</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ngmodule-faq" title="回答关于 NgModules 的常见问题。" target="_self"><span>NgModule 常见问题</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="依赖注入：创建并注入各种服务。" aria-pressed="false"><span>依赖注入</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dependency-injection" title="Angular 的依赖注入系统能够为 Angular 创建的类创建并交付它们所依赖的服务。" target="_self"><span>Angular 依赖注入</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/hierarchical-dependency-injection" title="与组件树平行的注入器树，并支持嵌套的依赖。" target="_self"><span>多级注入器</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dependency-injection-providers" title="各种提供商类型的更多知识。" target="_self"><span>DI 提供商</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dependency-injection-in-action" title="依赖注入的使用技巧" target="_self"><span>DI 实战</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dependency-injection-navtree" title="使用注入器树来查找父组件。" target="_self"><span>浏览组件树</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/http" title="通过 HTTP 协议与远程服务器对话。" target="_self"><span>HttpClient</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/router" title="揭示如何通过 Angular 路由进行基本的屏幕导航。" target="_self"><span>路由与导航</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular 动画系统指南" aria-pressed="false"><span>动画</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/animations" title="Angular 动画的基础技术。" target="_self"><span>简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/transition-and-triggers" title="转场与触发器的高级技术。" target="_self"><span>转场与触发器</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/complex-animation-sequences" title="复杂的 Angular 动画序列。" target="_self"><span>复杂序列</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/reusable-animations" title="创建可复用的动画。" target="_self"><span>可复用动画</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/route-animations" title="为路由提供转场动画。" target="_self"><span>路由转场动画</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="把 Angular 用到你的实际工作中的一些技巧" aria-pressed="false"><span>其它技术</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/security" title="Angular 应用开发中的安全技术。" target="_self"><span>安全</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/i18n" title="把应用模板中的文本翻译成多种语言。" target="_self"><span>国际化（i18n）</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/accessibility" title="设计能被所有用户访问的应用" target="_self"><span>无障碍（a11y）</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular Service Worker: 控制应用资源的缓存。" aria-pressed="false"><span>Service Worker 与 PWA</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-intro" title="Angular 对 Service Worker 的实现提升了慢速或不稳定的网络连接下的用户体验。" target="_self"><span>简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-getting-started" title="在 CLI 项目中启用 Service Worker，并在浏览器中查看效果。" target="_self"><span>快速上手</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/app-shell" title="在 CLI 项目中启用应用外壳。" target="_self"><span>应用外壳</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-communications" title="那些能让你和 Angular 的 Service Worker 通讯的服务类。" target="_self"><span>与 Service Worker 通讯</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-devops" title="使用 Service Worker 运行应用、管理应用更新、调试以及杀掉正在运行的应用。" target="_self"><span>生产环境下的 Service Worker</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-config" title="配置 Service Worker 的缓存行为。" target="_self"><span>Service Worker 配置</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/universal" title="使用 Angular Universal 在服务端渲染 HTML。" target="_self"><span>服务端渲染</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="把 AngularJS 应用增量式的升级到 Angular。" aria-pressed="false"><span>从 AngularJS 升级</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/upgrade" title="把 AngularJS 应用增量式的升级到 Angular。" target="_self"><span>升级步骤</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/upgrade-performance" title="用更灵活的方式把 AngularJS 升级到 Angular。" target="_self"><span>更关注性能的升级方式</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ajs-quick-reference" title="学习如何把 AngularJS 的概念映射到 Angular 中。" target="_self"><span>AngularJS 与 Angular 的概念对照</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="使用共享库扩展 Angular" aria-pressed="false"><span>开发 Angular 库</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/libraries" title="理解何时以及如何使用和创建库。" target="_self"><span>库概览</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/using-libraries" title="把已发布的库集成进你的应用中。" target="_self"><span>使用已发布的库</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/creating-libraries" title="通过创建、发布和使用你自己的库来扩展 Angular。" target="_self"><span>创建库</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="理解原理图" aria-pressed="false"><span>原理图（Schematic）</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/schematics" title="理解 Angular 如何使用原理图。" target="_self"><span>原理图概览</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/schematics-authoring" title="理解原理图的结构。" target="_self"><span>制作原理图</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/schematics-for-libraries" title="使用原理图来把你的库集成进 Angular CLI 中。" target="_self"><span>库的原理图</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/cli-builder" title="使用构建器定制 Angular CLI。" target="_self"><span>CLI 构建器</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/web-worker" title="在 Angular CLI 中使用 Web Worker。" target="_self"><span>Web Worker</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="关于构建、测试和部署的信息" aria-pressed="false"><span>开发工作流</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="理解 AOT 预先编译器。" aria-pressed="false"><span>AOT 预先编译器</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/aot-compiler" title="学习为何以及如何使用预先编译器。" target="_self"><span>预先编译</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/angular-compiler-options" title="配置 AOT 编译。" target="_self"><span>Angular 编译器选项</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/aot-metadata-errors" title="解决 AOT 编译错误。" target="_self"><span>AOT 元数据错误</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/template-typecheck" title="Angular 中的模板类型检查。" target="_self"><span>模板类型检查</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/build" title="构建应用及为应用启动开发服务器。" target="_self"><span>构建与运行</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/bazel" title="如何配置你的环境，以利用 Bazel 进行构建和测试。" target="_self"><span>使用 Bazel 进行构建</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/testing" title="测试 Angular 应用的技巧与实践。" target="_self"><span>测试</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/deployment" title="了解如何部署 Angular 应用。" target="_self"><span>发布</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="与开发环境和工具集成起来" aria-pressed="false"><span>开发工具集成</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/language-service" title="使用 Angular 语言服务加速开发。" target="_self"><span>语言服务</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="工作空间与项目的结构，及其配置文件。" aria-pressed="false"><span>配置</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/file-structure" title="Angular 工作区在文件系统中是怎样的。" target="_self"><span>项目文件结构</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/workspace-config" title="&quot;angular.json&quot; 包含供 CLI 命令使用的工作区和项目默认配置。" target="_self"><span>工作区配置</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/npm-packages" title="开发期间和运行期间所需的 npm 包的说明。" target="_self"><span>npm 包</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/typescript-configuration" title="给 Angular 开发者的 TypeScript 配置。" target="_self"><span>TypeScript 配置</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/browser-support" title="浏览器支持与腻子脚本指南。" target="_self"><span>浏览器支持</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular 的版本发布实践、更新与升级。" aria-pressed="false"><span>发布信息</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/updating" title="如何把 Angular 应用和库升级到最新版本。" target="_self"><span>保持最新</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/releases" title="Angular 的版本、发布、支持、弃用策略及实践。" target="_self"><span>发布实践</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/updating-to-version-9" title="支持把你的应用从 8 升级到 9。" target="_self"><span>升级到第 9 版</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/deprecations" title="弃用的 Angular API 和特性汇总。" target="_self"><span>弃用清单</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ivy" title="关于 Angular Ivy 的编译与渲染管道。" target="_self"><span>Angular Ivy</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular 语法、编码、术语汇总。" aria-pressed="false"><span>快捷手册</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/cheatsheet" title="关于 Angular 常用编码技术的快速指南。" target="_self"><span>速查表</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/styleguide" title="写出 Angular 风格的程序" target="_self"><span>风格指南</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/glossary" title="Angular 中最重要的词汇的简要定义。" target="_self"><span>词汇表</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular CLI 命令参考手册。" aria-pressed="false"><span>CLI 命令</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli" title="CLI 工具介绍、命令、语法" target="_self"><span>概览</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/usage-analytics-gathering" title="管理员如何从用户那里收集使用情况分析。" target="_self"><span>使用情况分析</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/add" title="ng add." target="_self"><span>ng add</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/analytics" title="ng analytics." target="_self"><span>ng analytics</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/build" title="ng build." target="_self"><span>ng build</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/config" title="ng config." target="_self"><span>ng config</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/deploy" title="ng deploy." target="_self"><span>ng deploy</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/doc" title="ng doc." target="_self"><span>ng doc</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/e2e" title="ng e2e." target="_self"><span>ng e2e</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/generate" title="ng generate." target="_self"><span>ng generate</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/help" title="ng help." target="_self"><span>ng help</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/lint" title="ng lint." target="_self"><span>ng lint</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/new" title="ng new." target="_self"><span>ng new</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/run" title="ng run." target="_self"><span>ng run</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/serve" title="ng serve." target="_self"><span>ng serve</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/test" title="ng test." target="_self"><span>ng test</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div 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aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://flutter-io.cn/" title="Flutter 中文文档站" target="_blank"><span>友站：Flutter 中文</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item></aio-nav-menu><div class="doc-version ng-tns-c18-1"><aio-select><div class="form-select-menu"><button class="form-select-button"><span><strong></strong></span><span>stable (v9.0.0)</span></button></div></aio-select></div></div></mat-sidenav><div class="cdk-visually-hidden cdk-focus-trap-anchor" aria-hidden="true"></div><mat-sidenav-content cdkscrollable="" class="mat-drawer-content mat-sidenav-content ng-star-inserted" style="margin-left:261px"><main role="main" class="sidenav-content" id="guide-dynamic-form"><aio-mode-banner></aio-mode-banner><aio-doc-viewer class=""><div style="opacity:1"><div class="github-links"><a href="https://github.com/angular/angular-cn/edit/aio/aio/content/guide/dynamic-form.md?message=docs%3A%20请简述你的修改..." aria-label="提供编辑建议" title="提供编辑建议"><i class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" role="img">mode_edit</i></a></div><div class="content"><h1 id="dynamic-forms" translation-result="on">动态表单<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/dynamic-form#dynamic-forms"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h1><aio-toc class="embedded" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div class="toc-inner no-print collapsed ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" title="Expand/collapse contents" aria-label="Expand/collapse contents" class="toc-heading embedded secondary ng-star-inserted" aria-pressed="false">目录<mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon collapsed mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><ul class="toc-list embedded"><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="启动/引导 (bootstrap)"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#bootstrap">启动/引导 (bootstrap)</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="问卷问题模型"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#question-model">问卷问题模型</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="问卷表单组件"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#question-form-components">问卷表单组件</a></li><li class="h2 secondary ng-star-inserted" title="问卷数据"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#questionnaire-data">问卷数据</a></li><li class="h2 secondary ng-star-inserted" title="动态模板"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#dynamic-template">动态模板</a></li></ul><button type="button" title="Expand/collapse contents" aria-label="Expand/collapse contents" class="toc-more-items embedded material-icons collapsed ng-star-inserted" aria-pressed="false"></button></div></aio-toc><h1 translation-origin="off" id="dynamic-forms">Dynamic forms<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/dynamic-form#dynamic-forms"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h1><a id="top"></a><p translation-result="on">有时候手动编写和维护表单所需工作量和时间会过大。特别是在需要编写大量表单时。表单都很相似，而且随着业务和监管需求的迅速变化，表单也要随之变化，这样维护的成本过高。</p><p translation-origin="off">Building handcrafted forms can be costly and time-consuming, especially if you need a great number of them, they're similar to each other, and they change frequently to meet rapidly changing business and regulatory requirements.</p><p translation-result="on">基于业务对象模型的元数据，动态创建表单可能会更划算。</p><p translation-origin="off">It may be more economical to create the forms dynamically, based on metadata that describes the business object model.</p><p translation-result="on">本文会展示如何利用 <code>formGroup</code> 来动态渲染一个简单的表单，包括各种控件类型和验证规则。 这个起点很简陋，但可以在这个基础上添加丰富多彩的问卷问题、更优美的渲染以及更卓越的用户体验。</p><p translation-origin="off">This cookbook shows you how to use <code>formGroup</code> to dynamically render a simple form with different control types and validation. It's a primitive start. It might evolve to support a much richer variety of questions, more graceful rendering, and superior user experience. All such greatness has humble beginnings.</p><p translation-result="on">这个例子要为正在找工作的英雄们创建一个在线申请表的动态表单。英雄管理局会不断修改申请流程，你要在<em>不修改应用代码</em>的情况下，动态创建这些表单。</p><p translation-origin="off">The example in this cookbook is a dynamic form to build an online application experience for heroes seeking employment. The agency is constantly tinkering with the application process. You can create the forms on the fly <em>without changing the application code</em>.</p><a id="toc"></a><p translation-result="on">参见<live-example name="dynamic-form" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><span style="display:none"></span><span><span class="ng-star-inserted"><a target="_blank" title="在线例子" href="generated/live-examples/dynamic-form/stackblitz.html">在线例子</a><span class="ng-star-inserted"> / <a download="" title="下载范例" href="generated/zips/dynamic-form/dynamic-form.zip">下载范例</a></span></span></span></live-example>。</p><p translation-origin="off">See the<live-example name="dynamic-form" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><span style="display:none"></span><span><span class="ng-star-inserted"><a target="_blank" title="在线例子" href="generated/live-examples/dynamic-form/stackblitz.html">在线例子</a><span class="ng-star-inserted"> / <a download="" title="下载范例" href="generated/zips/dynamic-form/dynamic-form.zip">下载范例</a></span></span></span></live-example>.</p><a id="bootstrap"></a><h2 id="bootstrap" translation-result="on">启动/引导 (bootstrap)<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/dynamic-form#bootstrap"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="bootstrap">Bootstrap<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/dynamic-form#bootstrap"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on">从创建一个名叫 <code>AppModule</code> 的 <code><a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor">NgModule</a></code> 开始。</p><p translation-origin="off">Start by creating an <code><a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor">NgModule</a></code> called <code>AppModule</code>.</p><p translation-result="on">这个烹饪书使用<a href="guide/reactive-forms">响应式表单</a>。</p><p translation-origin="off">This cookbook uses <a href="guide/reactive-forms">reactive forms</a>.</p><p translation-result="on">响应式表单属于另外一个叫做 <code><a href="api/forms/ReactiveFormsModule" class="code-anchor">ReactiveFormsModule</a></code> 的 <code><a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor">NgModule</a></code>，所以，为了使用响应式表单类的指令，你得从 <code>@angular/forms</code> 库中引入 <code><a href="api/forms/ReactiveFormsModule" class="code-anchor">ReactiveFormsModule</a></code> 模块。</p><p translation-origin="off">Reactive forms belongs to a different <code><a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor">NgModule</a></code> called <code><a href="api/forms/ReactiveFormsModule" class="code-anchor">ReactiveFormsModule</a></code>, so in order to access any reactive forms directives, you have to import <code><a href="api/forms/ReactiveFormsModule" class="code-anchor">ReactiveFormsModule</a></code> from the <code>@angular/forms</code> library.</p><p translation-result="on">在 <code>main.ts</code> 中启动 <code>AppModule</code>。</p><p translation-origin="off">Bootstrap the <code>AppModule</code> in <code>main.ts</code>.</p><code-tabs ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none"><code-pane header="app.module.ts" path="dynamic-form/src/app/app.module.ts">import { <a href="api/platform-browser/BrowserModule" class="code-anchor">BrowserModule</a> } from '@angular/platform-browser'; import { <a href="api/forms/ReactiveFormsModule" class="code-anchor">ReactiveFormsModule</a> } from '@angular/forms'; import { <a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor">NgModule</a> } from '@angular/core'; import { AppComponent } from './app.component'; import { DynamicFormComponent } from './dynamic-form.component'; import { DynamicFormQuestionComponent } from './dynamic-form-question.component'; @<a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor">NgModule</a>({ imports: [ <a href="api/platform-browser/BrowserModule" class="code-anchor">BrowserModule</a>, <a href="api/forms/ReactiveFormsModule" class="code-anchor">ReactiveFormsModule</a> ], declarations: [ AppComponent, DynamicFormComponent, DynamicFormQuestionComponent ], bootstrap: [ AppComponent ] }) export class AppModule { constructor() { } }</code-pane><code-pane header="main.ts" path="dynamic-form/src/main.ts">import { <a href="api/core/enableProdMode" class="code-anchor">enableProdMode</a> } from '@angular/core'; import { <a href="api/platform-browser-dynamic/platformBrowserDynamic" class="code-anchor">platformBrowserDynamic</a> } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic'; import { AppModule } from './app/app.module'; import { environment } from './environments/environment'; if (environment.production) { <a href="api/core/enableProdMode" class="code-anchor">enableProdMode</a>(); } <a href="api/platform-browser-dynamic/platformBrowserDynamic" class="code-anchor">platformBrowserDynamic</a>().bootstrapModule(AppModule);</code-pane></div><mat-card class="mat-card"><mat-tab-group class="mat-tab-group code-tab-group mat-primary"><mat-tab-header class="mat-tab-header"><div aria-hidden="true" mat-ripple="" class="mat-ripple mat-tab-header-pagination mat-tab-header-pagination-before mat-elevation-z4 mat-tab-header-pagination-disabled"><div class="mat-tab-header-pagination-chevron"></div></div><div class="mat-tab-label-container"><div role="tablist" class="mat-tab-list" style="transform:translateX(0)"><div class="mat-tab-labels"><div role="tab" mattablabelwrapper="" mat-ripple="" cdkmonitorelementfocus="" class="mat-ripple mat-tab-label mat-tab-label-active ng-star-inserted" id="mat-tab-label-0-0" tabindex="0" aria-posinset="1" aria-setsize="2" aria-controls="mat-tab-content-0-0" aria-selected="true" aria-disabled="false"><div class="mat-tab-label-content"><span class="ng-star-inserted">app.module.ts</span></div></div><div role="tab" mattablabelwrapper="" mat-ripple="" cdkmonitorelementfocus="" class="mat-ripple mat-tab-label ng-star-inserted" id="mat-tab-label-0-1" tabindex="-1" aria-posinset="2" aria-setsize="2" aria-controls="mat-tab-content-0-1" aria-selected="false" aria-disabled="false"><div class="mat-tab-label-content"><span class="ng-star-inserted">main.ts</span></div></div></div><mat-ink-bar class="mat-ink-bar" style="visibility:visible;left:0;width:160px"></mat-ink-bar></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" mat-ripple="" class="mat-ripple mat-tab-header-pagination mat-tab-header-pagination-after mat-elevation-z4 mat-tab-header-pagination-disabled"><div class="mat-tab-header-pagination-chevron"></div></div></mat-tab-header><div class="mat-tab-body-wrapper"><mat-tab-body role="tabpanel" class="mat-tab-body ng-tns-c50-2 mat-tab-body-active ng-star-inserted" id="mat-tab-content-0-0" aria-labelledby="mat-tab-label-0-0"><div class="mat-tab-body-content ng-tns-c50-2 ng-trigger ng-trigger-translateTab" style="transform:none"><aio-code class="ng-star-inserted" style=""><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from app.module.ts">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/platform-browser/BrowserModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">BrowserModule</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">                </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'@angular/platform-browser'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/forms/ReactiveFormsModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">ReactiveFormsModule</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">          </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'@angular/forms'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">NgModule</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">                     </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'@angular/core'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">AppComponent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">                 </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./app.component'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">DynamicFormComponent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">         </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./dynamic-form.component'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">DynamicFormQuestionComponent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./dynamic-form-question.component'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="lit">@</span><a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="lit">NgModule</span></a><span class="pun">({</span><span class="pln">
  imports</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/platform-browser/BrowserModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">BrowserModule</span></a><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/forms/ReactiveFormsModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">ReactiveFormsModule</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">],</span><span class="pln">
  declarations</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">AppComponent</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">DynamicFormComponent</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">DynamicFormQuestionComponent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">],</span><span class="pln">
  bootstrap</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">AppComponent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">})</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">export</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">AppModule</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="kwd">constructor</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></div></mat-tab-body><mat-tab-body role="tabpanel" class="mat-tab-body ng-tns-c50-3 ng-star-inserted" id="mat-tab-content-0-1" aria-labelledby="mat-tab-label-0-1"><div class="mat-tab-body-content ng-tns-c50-3 ng-trigger ng-trigger-translateTab" style="transform:translate3d(100%,0,0);min-height:1px"></div></mat-tab-body></div></mat-tab-group></mat-card></code-tabs><a id="object-model"></a><h2 id="question-model" translation-result="on">问卷问题模型<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/dynamic-form#question-model"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="question-model">Question model<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/dynamic-form#question-model"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on">下一步是定义一个对象模型，用来描述所有表单功能需要的场景。英雄的申请流程涉及到一个包含很多问卷问题的表单。问卷问题是最基础的对象模型。</p><p translation-origin="off">The next step is to define an object model that can describe all scenarios needed by the form functionality. The hero application process involves a form with a lot of questions. The <em>question</em> is the most fundamental object in the model.</p><p translation-result="on">下面的 <code>QuestionBase</code> 是最基础的问卷问题基类。</p><p translation-origin="off">The following <code>QuestionBase</code> is a fundamental question class.</p><code-example path="dynamic-form/src/app/question-base.ts" header="src/app/question-base.ts" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">export class QuestionBase&lt;T&gt; { value: T; key: string; label: string; required: boolean; order: number; controlType: string; type: string; options: {key: string, value: string}[]; constructor(options: { value?: T, key?: string, label?: string, required?: boolean, order?: number, controlType?: string, type?: string } = {}) { this.value = options.value; this.key = options.key || ''; this.label = options.label || ''; this.required = !!options.required; this.order = options.order === undefined ? 1 : options.order; this.controlType = options.controlType || ''; this.type = options.type || ''; } }</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">src/app/question-base.ts</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from src/app/question-base.ts">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">export</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionBase</span><span class="pun">&lt;</span><span class="pln">T</span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> T</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  key</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  label</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  required</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">boolean</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  order</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> number</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  controlType</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  type</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  options</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">key</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">}[];</span><span class="pln">

  </span><span class="kwd">constructor</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">options</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pun">?:</span><span class="pln"> T</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
      key</span><span class="pun">?:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
      label</span><span class="pun">?:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
      required</span><span class="pun">?:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">boolean</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
      order</span><span class="pun">?:</span><span class="pln"> number</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
      controlType</span><span class="pun">?:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
      type</span><span class="pun">?:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{})</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> options</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">key </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> options</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">key </span><span class="pun">||</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">''</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">label </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> options</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">label </span><span class="pun">||</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">''</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">required </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">!!</span><span class="pln">options</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">required</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">order </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> options</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">order </span><span class="pun">===</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">undefined</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">?</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> options</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">order</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">controlType </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> options</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">controlType </span><span class="pun">||</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">''</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">type </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> options</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">type </span><span class="pun">||</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">''</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on">在这个基础上，你派生出两个新类 <code>TextboxQuestion</code> 和 <code>DropdownQuestion</code>，分别代表文本框和下拉框。这么做的初衷是，表单能动态绑定到特定的问卷问题类型，并动态渲染出合适的控件。</p><p translation-origin="off">From this base you can derive two new classes in <code>TextboxQuestion</code> and <code>DropdownQuestion</code> that represent textbox and dropdown questions. The idea is that the form will be bound to specific question types and render the appropriate controls dynamically.</p><p translation-result="on"><code>TextboxQuestion</code> 可以通过 <code>type</code> 属性来支持多种 HTML5 元素类型，比如文本、邮件、网址等。</p><p translation-origin="off"><code>TextboxQuestion</code> supports multiple HTML5 types such as text, email, and url via the <code>type</code> property.</p><code-example path="dynamic-form/src/app/question-textbox.ts" header="src/app/question-textbox.ts" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">import { QuestionBase } from './question-base'; export class TextboxQuestion extends QuestionBase&lt;string&gt; { controlType = 'textbox'; type: string; constructor(options: {} = {}) { super(options); this.type = options['type'] || ''; } }</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">src/app/question-textbox.ts</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from src/app/question-textbox.ts">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionBase</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./question-base'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">export</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">TextboxQuestion</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">extends</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionBase</span><span class="str">&lt;string&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
  controlType </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'textbox'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  type</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

  </span><span class="kwd">constructor</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">options</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{})</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">super</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">options</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">type </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> options</span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="str">'type'</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">||</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">''</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on"><code>DropdownQuestion</code> 表示一个带可选项列表的选择框。</p><p translation-origin="off"><code>DropdownQuestion</code> presents a list of choices in a select box.</p><code-example path="dynamic-form/src/app/question-dropdown.ts" header="src/app/question-dropdown.ts" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">import { QuestionBase } from './question-base'; export class DropdownQuestion extends QuestionBase&lt;string&gt; { controlType = 'dropdown'; options: {key: string, value: string}[] = []; constructor(options: {} = {}) { super(options); this.options = options['options'] || []; } }</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">src/app/question-dropdown.ts</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from src/app/question-dropdown.ts">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionBase</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./question-base'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">export</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">DropdownQuestion</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">extends</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionBase</span><span class="str">&lt;string&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
  controlType </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'dropdown'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  options</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">key</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">}[]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[];</span><span class="pln">

  </span><span class="kwd">constructor</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">options</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{})</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">super</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">options</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">options </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> options</span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="str">'options'</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">||</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[];</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on">接下来定义了 <code>QuestionControlService</code>，一个可以把问卷问题转换为 <code><a href="api/forms/FormGroup" class="code-anchor">FormGroup</a></code> 的服务。 简而言之，这个 <code><a href="api/forms/FormGroup" class="code-anchor">FormGroup</a></code> 使用问卷模型的元数据，并允许你指定默认值和验证规则。</p><p translation-origin="off">Next is <code>QuestionControlService</code>, a simple service for transforming the questions to a <code><a href="api/forms/FormGroup" class="code-anchor">FormGroup</a></code>. In a nutshell, the form group consumes the metadata from the question model and allows you to specify default values and validation rules.</p><code-example path="dynamic-form/src/app/question-control.service.ts" header="src/app/question-control.service.ts" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">import { <a href="api/core/Injectable" class="code-anchor">Injectable</a> } from '@angular/core'; import { <a href="api/forms/FormControl" class="code-anchor">FormControl</a>, <a href="api/forms/FormGroup" class="code-anchor">FormGroup</a>, <a href="api/forms/Validators" class="code-anchor">Validators</a> } from '@angular/forms'; import { QuestionBase } from './question-base'; @<a href="api/core/Injectable" class="code-anchor">Injectable</a>() export class QuestionControlService { constructor() { } toFormGroup(questions: QuestionBase&lt;string&gt;[] ) { let group: any = {}; questions.forEach(question =&gt; { group[question.key] = question.required ? new <a href="api/forms/FormControl" class="code-anchor">FormControl</a>(question.value || '', Validators.required) : new <a href="api/forms/FormControl" class="code-anchor">FormControl</a>(question.value || ''); }); return new <a href="api/forms/FormGroup" class="code-anchor">FormGroup</a>(group); } }</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">src/app/question-control.service.ts</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from src/app/question-control.service.ts">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/core/Injectable" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">Injectable</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">   </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'@angular/core'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/forms/FormControl" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">FormControl</span></a><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/forms/FormGroup" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">FormGroup</span></a><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/forms/Validators" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">Validators</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'@angular/forms'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionBase</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./question-base'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="lit">@</span><a href="api/core/Injectable" class="code-anchor"><span class="lit">Injectable</span></a><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">export</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionControlService</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="kwd">constructor</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">

  toFormGroup</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">questions</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionBase</span><span class="str">&lt;string&gt;</span><span class="pun">[]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">let</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">group</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> any </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{};</span><span class="pln">

    questions</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">forEach</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">question </span><span class="pun">=&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="kwd">group</span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">question</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">key</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> question</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">required </span><span class="pun">?</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/forms/FormControl" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">FormControl</span></a><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">question</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">||</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">''</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Validators</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">required</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
                                              </span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/forms/FormControl" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">FormControl</span></a><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">question</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">||</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">''</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">});</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/forms/FormGroup" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">FormGroup</span></a><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">group</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><a id="form-component"></a><h2 id="question-form-components" translation-result="on">问卷表单组件<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/dynamic-form#question-form-components"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="question-form-components">Question form components<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/dynamic-form#question-form-components"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on">现在你已经有一个定义好的完整模型了，接着就可以开始创建一个展现动态表单的组件。</p><p translation-origin="off">Now that you have defined the complete model you are ready to create components to represent the dynamic form.</p><p translation-result="on"><code>DynamicFormComponent</code> 是表单的主要容器和入口点。</p><p translation-origin="off"><code>DynamicFormComponent</code> is the entry point and the main container for the form.</p><code-tabs ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none"><code-pane header="dynamic-form.component.html" path="dynamic-form/src/app/dynamic-form.component.html">&lt;div&gt; &lt;form (ngSubmit)="onSubmit()" [formGroup]="form"&gt; &lt;div *<a href="api/common/NgForOf" class="code-anchor">ngFor</a>="let question of questions" class="form-row"&gt; &lt;app-question [question]="question" [form]="form"&gt;&lt;/app-question&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="form-row"&gt; &lt;button type="submit" [disabled]="!form.valid"&gt;Save&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/form&gt; &lt;div *<a href="api/common/NgIf" class="code-anchor">ngIf</a>="payLoad" class="form-row"&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Saved the following values&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;{{payLoad}} &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;</code-pane><code-pane header="dynamic-form.component.ts" path="dynamic-form/src/app/dynamic-form.component.ts">import { <a href="api/core/Component" class="code-anchor">Component</a>, <a href="api/core/Input" class="code-anchor">Input</a>, <a href="api/core/OnInit" class="code-anchor">OnInit</a> } from '@angular/core'; import { <a href="api/forms/FormGroup" class="code-anchor">FormGroup</a> } from '@angular/forms'; import { QuestionBase } from './question-base'; import { QuestionControlService } from './question-control.service'; @<a href="api/core/Component" class="code-anchor">Component</a>({ selector: 'app-dynamic-form', <a href="api/core/Component#templateUrl" class="code-anchor">templateUrl</a>: './dynamic-form.component.html', providers: [ QuestionControlService ] }) export class DynamicFormComponent implements <a href="api/core/OnInit" class="code-anchor">OnInit</a> { @<a href="api/core/Input" class="code-anchor">Input</a>() questions: QuestionBase&lt;string&gt;[] = []; form: <a href="api/forms/FormGroup" class="code-anchor">FormGroup</a>; payLoad = ''; constructor(private qcs: QuestionControlService) { } ngOnInit() { this.form = this.qcs.toFormGroup(this.questions); } onSubmit() { this.payLoad = JSON.stringify(this.form.getRawValue()); } }</code-pane></div><mat-card class="mat-card"><mat-tab-group class="mat-tab-group code-tab-group mat-primary"><mat-tab-header class="mat-tab-header"><div aria-hidden="true" mat-ripple="" class="mat-ripple mat-tab-header-pagination mat-tab-header-pagination-before mat-elevation-z4 mat-tab-header-pagination-disabled"><div class="mat-tab-header-pagination-chevron"></div></div><div class="mat-tab-label-container"><div role="tablist" class="mat-tab-list" style="transform:translateX(0)"><div class="mat-tab-labels"><div role="tab" mattablabelwrapper="" mat-ripple="" cdkmonitorelementfocus="" class="mat-ripple mat-tab-label mat-tab-label-active ng-star-inserted" id="mat-tab-label-1-0" tabindex="0" aria-posinset="1" aria-setsize="2" aria-controls="mat-tab-content-1-0" aria-selected="true" aria-disabled="false"><div class="mat-tab-label-content"><span class="ng-star-inserted">dynamic-form.component.html</span></div></div><div role="tab" mattablabelwrapper="" mat-ripple="" cdkmonitorelementfocus="" class="mat-ripple mat-tab-label ng-star-inserted" id="mat-tab-label-1-1" tabindex="-1" aria-posinset="2" aria-setsize="2" aria-controls="mat-tab-content-1-1" aria-selected="false" aria-disabled="false"><div class="mat-tab-label-content"><span class="ng-star-inserted">dynamic-form.component.ts</span></div></div></div><mat-ink-bar class="mat-ink-bar" style="visibility:visible;left:0;width:236px"></mat-ink-bar></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" mat-ripple="" class="mat-ripple mat-tab-header-pagination mat-tab-header-pagination-after mat-elevation-z4 mat-tab-header-pagination-disabled"><div class="mat-tab-header-pagination-chevron"></div></div></mat-tab-header><div class="mat-tab-body-wrapper"><mat-tab-body role="tabpanel" class="mat-tab-body ng-tns-c50-4 mat-tab-body-active ng-star-inserted" id="mat-tab-content-1-0" aria-labelledby="mat-tab-label-1-0"><div class="mat-tab-body-content ng-tns-c50-4 ng-trigger ng-trigger-translateTab" style="transform:none"><aio-code class="ng-star-inserted" style=""><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from dynamic-form.component.html">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="tag">&lt;div&gt;</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="tag">&lt;form</span><span class="pln"> (</span><span class="atn">ngSubmit</span><span class="pln">)</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"onSubmit()"</span><span class="pln"> [</span><span class="atn">formGroup</span><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"form"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">

    </span><span class="tag">&lt;div</span><span class="pln"> *</span><a href="api/common/NgForOf" class="code-anchor"><span class="atn">ngFor</span></a><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"let question of questions"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">class</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"form-row"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="tag">&lt;app-question</span><span class="pln"> [</span><span class="atn">question</span><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"question"</span><span class="pln"> [</span><span class="atn">form</span><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"form"</span><span class="tag">&gt;&lt;/app-question&gt;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="tag">&lt;/div&gt;</span><span class="pln">

    </span><span class="tag">&lt;div</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">class</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"form-row"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="tag">&lt;button</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">type</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"submit"</span><span class="pln"> [</span><span class="atn">disabled</span><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"!form.valid"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">Save</span><span class="tag">&lt;/button&gt;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="tag">&lt;/div&gt;</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="tag">&lt;/form&gt;</span><span class="pln">

  </span><span class="tag">&lt;div</span><span class="pln"> *</span><a href="api/common/NgIf" class="code-anchor"><span class="atn">ngIf</span></a><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"payLoad"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">class</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"form-row"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="tag">&lt;strong&gt;</span><span class="pln">Saved the following values</span><span class="tag">&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;</span><span class="pln">{{payLoad}}
  </span><span class="tag">&lt;/div&gt;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></div></mat-tab-body><mat-tab-body role="tabpanel" class="mat-tab-body ng-tns-c50-5 ng-star-inserted" id="mat-tab-content-1-1" aria-labelledby="mat-tab-label-1-1"><div class="mat-tab-body-content ng-tns-c50-5 ng-trigger ng-trigger-translateTab" style="transform:translate3d(100%,0,0);min-height:1px"></div></mat-tab-body></div></mat-tab-group></mat-card></code-tabs><p translation-result="on">它代表了问卷问题列表，每个问题都被绑定到一个 <code>&lt;app-question&gt;</code> 组件元素。 <code>&lt;app-question&gt;</code> 标签匹配到的是组件 <code>DynamicFormQuestionComponent</code>，该组件的职责是根据各个问卷问题对象的值来动态渲染表单控件。</p><p translation-origin="off">It presents a list of questions, each bound to a <code>&lt;app-question&gt;</code> component element. The <code>&lt;app-question&gt;</code> tag matches the <code>DynamicFormQuestionComponent</code>, the component responsible for rendering the details of each <em>individual</em> question based on values in the data-bound question object.</p><code-tabs ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none"><code-pane header="dynamic-form-question.component.html" path="dynamic-form/src/app/dynamic-form-question.component.html">&lt;div [formGroup]="form"&gt; &lt;label [attr.for]="question.key"&gt;{{question.label}}&lt;/label&gt; &lt;div [<a href="api/common/NgSwitch" class="code-anchor">ngSwitch</a>]="question.controlType"&gt; &lt;input *<a href="api/common/NgSwitchCase" class="code-anchor">ngSwitchCase</a>="'textbox'" [<a href="api/forms/FormControlName" class="code-anchor">formControlName</a>]="question.key" [id]="question.key" [type]="question.type"&gt; &lt;select [id]="question.key" *<a href="api/common/NgSwitchCase" class="code-anchor">ngSwitchCase</a>="'dropdown'" [<a href="api/forms/FormControlName" class="code-anchor">formControlName</a>]="question.key"&gt; &lt;option *<a href="api/common/NgForOf" class="code-anchor">ngFor</a>="let opt of question.options" [value]="opt.key"&gt;{{opt.value}}&lt;/option&gt; &lt;/select&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="errorMessage" *<a href="api/common/NgIf" class="code-anchor">ngIf</a>="!isValid"&gt;{{question.label}} is required&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;</code-pane><code-pane header="dynamic-form-question.component.ts" path="dynamic-form/src/app/dynamic-form-question.component.ts">import { <a href="api/core/Component" class="code-anchor">Component</a>, <a href="api/core/Input" class="code-anchor">Input</a> } from '@angular/core'; import { <a href="api/forms/FormGroup" class="code-anchor">FormGroup</a> } from '@angular/forms'; import { QuestionBase } from './question-base'; @<a href="api/core/Component" class="code-anchor">Component</a>({ selector: 'app-question', <a href="api/core/Component#templateUrl" class="code-anchor">templateUrl</a>: './dynamic-form-question.component.html' }) export class DynamicFormQuestionComponent { @<a href="api/core/Input" class="code-anchor">Input</a>() question: QuestionBase&lt;string&gt;; @<a href="api/core/Input" class="code-anchor">Input</a>() form: <a href="api/forms/FormGroup" class="code-anchor">FormGroup</a>; get isValid() { return this.form.controls[this.question.key].valid; } }</code-pane></div><mat-card class="mat-card"><mat-tab-group class="mat-tab-group code-tab-group mat-primary"><mat-tab-header class="mat-tab-header"><div aria-hidden="true" mat-ripple="" class="mat-ripple mat-tab-header-pagination mat-tab-header-pagination-before mat-elevation-z4 mat-tab-header-pagination-disabled"><div class="mat-tab-header-pagination-chevron"></div></div><div class="mat-tab-label-container"><div role="tablist" class="mat-tab-list" style="transform:translateX(0)"><div class="mat-tab-labels"><div role="tab" mattablabelwrapper="" mat-ripple="" cdkmonitorelementfocus="" class="mat-ripple mat-tab-label mat-tab-label-active ng-star-inserted" id="mat-tab-label-2-0" tabindex="0" aria-posinset="1" aria-setsize="2" aria-controls="mat-tab-content-2-0" aria-selected="true" aria-disabled="false"><div class="mat-tab-label-content"><span class="ng-star-inserted">dynamic-form-question.component.html</span></div></div><div role="tab" mattablabelwrapper="" mat-ripple="" cdkmonitorelementfocus="" class="mat-ripple mat-tab-label ng-star-inserted" id="mat-tab-label-2-1" tabindex="-1" aria-posinset="2" aria-setsize="2" aria-controls="mat-tab-content-2-1" aria-selected="false" aria-disabled="false"><div class="mat-tab-label-content"><span class="ng-star-inserted">dynamic-form-question.component.ts</span></div></div></div><mat-ink-bar class="mat-ink-bar" style="visibility:visible;left:0;width:294px"></mat-ink-bar></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" mat-ripple="" class="mat-ripple mat-tab-header-pagination mat-tab-header-pagination-after mat-elevation-z4 mat-tab-header-pagination-disabled"><div class="mat-tab-header-pagination-chevron"></div></div></mat-tab-header><div class="mat-tab-body-wrapper"><mat-tab-body role="tabpanel" class="mat-tab-body ng-tns-c50-6 mat-tab-body-active ng-star-inserted" id="mat-tab-content-2-0" aria-labelledby="mat-tab-label-2-0"><div class="mat-tab-body-content ng-tns-c50-6 ng-trigger ng-trigger-translateTab" style="transform:none"><aio-code class="ng-star-inserted" style=""><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from dynamic-form-question.component.html">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="tag">&lt;div</span><span class="pln"> [</span><span class="atn">formGroup</span><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"form"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="tag">&lt;label</span><span class="pln"> [</span><span class="atn">attr</span><span class="pln">.</span><span class="atn">for</span><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"question.key"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">{{question.label}}</span><span class="tag">&lt;/label&gt;</span><span class="pln">

  </span><span class="tag">&lt;div</span><span class="pln"> [</span><a href="api/common/NgSwitch" class="code-anchor"><span class="atn">ngSwitch</span></a><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"question.controlType"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">

    </span><span class="tag">&lt;input</span><span class="pln"> *</span><a href="api/common/NgSwitchCase" class="code-anchor"><span class="atn">ngSwitchCase</span></a><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"'textbox'"</span><span class="pln"> [</span><a href="api/forms/FormControlName" class="code-anchor"><span class="atn">formControlName</span></a><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"question.key"</span><span class="pln">
            [</span><span class="atn">id</span><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"question.key"</span><span class="pln"> [</span><span class="atn">type</span><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"question.type"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">

    </span><span class="tag">&lt;select</span><span class="pln"> [</span><span class="atn">id</span><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"question.key"</span><span class="pln"> *</span><a href="api/common/NgSwitchCase" class="code-anchor"><span class="atn">ngSwitchCase</span></a><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"'dropdown'"</span><span class="pln"> [</span><a href="api/forms/FormControlName" class="code-anchor"><span class="atn">formControlName</span></a><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"question.key"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="tag">&lt;option</span><span class="pln"> *</span><a href="api/common/NgForOf" class="code-anchor"><span class="atn">ngFor</span></a><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"let opt of question.options"</span><span class="pln"> [</span><span class="atn">value</span><span class="pln">]</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"opt.key"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">{{opt.value}}</span><span class="tag">&lt;/option&gt;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="tag">&lt;/select&gt;</span><span class="pln">

  </span><span class="tag">&lt;/div&gt;</span><span class="pln">

  </span><span class="tag">&lt;div</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">class</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"errorMessage"</span><span class="pln"> *</span><a href="api/common/NgIf" class="code-anchor"><span class="atn">ngIf</span></a><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"!isValid"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">{{question.label}} is required</span><span class="tag">&lt;/div&gt;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></div></mat-tab-body><mat-tab-body role="tabpanel" class="mat-tab-body ng-tns-c50-7 ng-star-inserted" id="mat-tab-content-2-1" aria-labelledby="mat-tab-label-2-1"><div class="mat-tab-body-content ng-tns-c50-7 ng-trigger ng-trigger-translateTab" style="transform:translate3d(100%,0,0);min-height:1px"></div></mat-tab-body></div></mat-tab-group></mat-card></code-tabs><p translation-result="on">请注意，这个组件能代表模型里的任何问题类型。目前，还只有两种问题类型，但可以添加更多类型。可以用 <code><a href="api/common/NgSwitch" class="code-anchor">ngSwitch</a></code> 决定显示哪种类型的问题。</p><p translation-origin="off">Notice this component can present any type of question in your model. You only have two types of questions at this point but you can imagine many more. The <code><a href="api/common/NgSwitch" class="code-anchor">ngSwitch</a></code> determines which type of question to display.</p><p translation-result="on">在这两个组件中，你依赖 Angular 的 <strong>formGroup</strong> 来把模板 HTML 和底层控件对象连接起来，该对象从问卷问题模型里获取渲染和验证规则。</p><p translation-origin="off">In both components you're relying on Angular's <strong>formGroup</strong> to connect the template HTML to the underlying control objects, populated from the question model with display and validation rules.</p><p translation-result="on"><code><a href="api/forms/FormControlName" class="code-anchor">formControlName</a></code> 和 <code>formGroup</code> 是在 <code><a href="api/forms/ReactiveFormsModule" class="code-anchor">ReactiveFormsModule</a></code> 中定义的指令。这个模板之所以能使用它们，是因为你曾从 <code>AppModule</code> 中导入了 <code><a href="api/forms/ReactiveFormsModule" class="code-anchor">ReactiveFormsModule</a></code>。</p><p translation-origin="off"><code><a href="api/forms/FormControlName" class="code-anchor">formControlName</a></code> and <code>formGroup</code> are directives defined in <code><a href="api/forms/ReactiveFormsModule" class="code-anchor">ReactiveFormsModule</a></code>. The templates can access these directives directly since you imported <code><a href="api/forms/ReactiveFormsModule" class="code-anchor">ReactiveFormsModule</a></code> from <code>AppModule</code>.</p><a id="questionnaire-data"></a><h2 id="questionnaire-data" translation-result="on">问卷数据<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/dynamic-form#questionnaire-data"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="questionnaire-data">Questionnaire data<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/dynamic-form#questionnaire-data"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on"><code>DynamicFormComponent</code> 期望得到一个问题列表，该数组被绑定到 <code>@<a href="api/core/Input" class="code-anchor">Input</a>() questions</code> 属性。</p><p translation-origin="off"><code>DynamicFormComponent</code> expects the list of questions in the form of an array bound to <code>@<a href="api/core/Input" class="code-anchor">Input</a>() questions</code>.</p><p translation-result="on"> <code>QuestionService</code> 会返回为工作申请表定义的那组问题列表。在真实的应用程序环境中，你会从数据库里获得这些问题列表。</p><p translation-origin="off">The set of questions you've defined for the job application is returned from the <code>QuestionService</code>. In a real app you'd retrieve these questions from storage.</p><p translation-result="on">关键是，你完全根据 <code>QuestionService</code> 返回的对象来控制英雄的工作申请表。 要维护这份问卷，只要非常简单地添加、修改和删除 <code>questions</code> 数组中的对象就可以了。</p><p translation-origin="off">The key point is that you control the hero job application questions entirely through the objects returned from <code>QuestionService</code>. Questionnaire maintenance is a simple matter of adding, updating, and removing objects from the <code>questions</code> array.</p><code-example path="dynamic-form/src/app/question.service.ts" header="src/app/question.service.ts" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">import { <a href="api/core/Injectable" class="code-anchor">Injectable</a> } from '@angular/core'; import { DropdownQuestion } from './question-dropdown'; import { QuestionBase } from './question-base'; import { TextboxQuestion } from './question-textbox'; import { of } from 'rxjs'; @<a href="api/core/Injectable" class="code-anchor">Injectable</a>() export class QuestionService { // TODO: get from a remote source of question metadata getQuestions() { let questions: QuestionBase&lt;string&gt;[] = [ new DropdownQuestion({ key: 'brave', label: 'Bravery Rating', options: [ {key: 'solid', value: 'Solid'}, {key: 'great', value: 'Great'}, {key: 'good', value: 'Good'}, {key: 'unproven', value: 'Unproven'} ], order: 3 }), new TextboxQuestion({ key: 'firstName', label: '<a href="" class="code-anchor">First</a> name', value: 'Bombasto', required: true, order: 1 }), new TextboxQuestion({ key: 'emailAddress', label: 'Email', type: '<a href="api/forms/EmailValidator" class="code-anchor">email</a>', order: 2 }) ]; return of(questions.sort((a, b) =&gt; a.order - b.order)); } }</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">src/app/question.service.ts</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from src/app/question.service.ts">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/core/Injectable" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">Injectable</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">       </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'@angular/core'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">DropdownQuestion</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./question-dropdown'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionBase</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">     </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./question-base'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">TextboxQuestion</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">  </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./question-textbox'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> of </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'rxjs'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="lit">@</span><a href="api/core/Injectable" class="code-anchor"><span class="lit">Injectable</span></a><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">export</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionService</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">

  </span><span class="com">// TODO: get from a remote source of question metadata</span><span class="pln">
  getQuestions</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">

    </span><span class="kwd">let</span><span class="pln"> questions</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionBase</span><span class="str">&lt;string&gt;</span><span class="pun">[]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">

      </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">DropdownQuestion</span><span class="pun">({</span><span class="pln">
        key</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'brave'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
        label</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'Bravery Rating'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
        options</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">
          </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">key</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'solid'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">  </span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'Solid'</span><span class="pun">},</span><span class="pln">
          </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">key</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'great'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">  </span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'Great'</span><span class="pun">},</span><span class="pln">
          </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">key</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'good'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">   </span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'Good'</span><span class="pun">},</span><span class="pln">
          </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">key</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'unproven'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'Unproven'</span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="pun">],</span><span class="pln">
        order</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">}),</span><span class="pln">

      </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">TextboxQuestion</span><span class="pun">({</span><span class="pln">
        key</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'firstName'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
        label</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'</span><a href="" class="code-anchor"><span class="str">First</span></a><span class="str"> name'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">value</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'Bombasto'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
        required</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">true</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
        order</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">}),</span><span class="pln">

      </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">TextboxQuestion</span><span class="pun">({</span><span class="pln">
        key</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'emailAddress'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
        label</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'Email'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
        type</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'</span><a href="api/forms/EmailValidator" class="code-anchor"><span class="str">email</span></a><span class="str">'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
        order</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">})</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">];</span><span class="pln">

    </span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> of</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">questions</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">sort</span><span class="pun">((</span><span class="pln">a</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> b</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=&gt;</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">order </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> b</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">order</span><span class="pun">));</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on">最后，在 <code>AppComponent</code> 里显示出表单。</p><p translation-origin="off">Finally, display an instance of the form in the <code>AppComponent</code> shell.</p><code-example path="dynamic-form/src/app/app.component.ts" header="app.component.ts" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">import { <a href="api/core/Component" class="code-anchor">Component</a> } from '@angular/core'; import { QuestionService } from './question.service'; import { QuestionBase } from './question-base'; import { Observable } from 'rxjs'; @<a href="api/core/Component" class="code-anchor">Component</a>({ selector: 'app-root', template: ` &lt;div&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Job Application for Heroes&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;app-dynamic-form [questions]="questions$ | <a href="api/core/testing/async" class="code-anchor">async</a>"&gt;&lt;/app-dynamic-form&gt; &lt;/div&gt; `, providers: [QuestionService] }) export class AppComponent { questions$: Observable&lt;QuestionBase&lt;any&gt;[]&gt;; constructor(service: QuestionService) { this.questions$ = service.getQuestions(); } }</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">app.component.ts</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from app.component.ts">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/core/Component" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">Component</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">       </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'@angular/core'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionService</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./question.service'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionBase</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">    </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./question-base'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Observable</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">      </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'rxjs'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="lit">@</span><a href="api/core/Component" class="code-anchor"><span class="lit">Component</span></a><span class="pun">({</span><span class="pln">
  selector</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'app-root'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="kwd">template</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">`
    &lt;div&gt;
      &lt;h2&gt;Job Application for Heroes&lt;/h2&gt;
      &lt;app-dynamic-form [questions]="questions$ | </span><a href="api/core/testing/async" class="code-anchor"><span class="str">async</span></a><span class="str">"&gt;&lt;/app-dynamic-form&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  `</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
  providers</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">  </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="typ">QuestionService</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">})</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">export</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">AppComponent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
  questions$</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Observable</span><span class="pun">&lt;</span><span class="typ">QuestionBase</span><span class="str">&lt;any&gt;</span><span class="pun">[]&gt;;</span><span class="pln">

  </span><span class="kwd">constructor</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">service</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">QuestionService</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">questions$ </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> service</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getQuestions</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><a id="dynamic-template"></a><h2 id="dynamic-template" translation-result="on">动态模板<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/dynamic-form#dynamic-template"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="dynamic-template">Dynamic Template<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/dynamic-form#dynamic-template"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on">在这个例子中，虽然你是在为英雄的工作申请表建模，但是除了 <code>QuestionService</code> 返回的那些对象外，没有其它任何地方是与英雄有关的。</p><p translation-origin="off">Although in this example you're modelling a job application for heroes, there are no references to any specific hero question outside the objects returned by <code>QuestionService</code>.</p><p translation-result="on">这点非常重要，因为只要与<em>问卷</em>对象模型兼容，就可以在任何类型的调查问卷中复用这些组件。 这里的关键是用到元数据的动态数据绑定来渲染表单，对问卷问题没有任何硬性的假设。除控件的元数据外，还可以动态添加验证规则。</p><p translation-origin="off">This is very important since it allows you to repurpose the components for any type of survey as long as it's compatible with the <em>question</em> object model. The key is the dynamic data binding of metadata used to render the form without making any hardcoded assumptions about specific questions. In addition to control metadata, you are also adding validation dynamically.</p><p translation-result="on">表单验证通过之前，<em>保存</em>按钮是禁用的。验证通过后，就可以点击<em>保存</em>按钮，程序会把当前值渲染成 JSON 显示出来。 这表明任何用户输入都被传到了数据模型里。至于如何储存和提取数据则是另一话题了。</p><p translation-origin="off">The <em>Save</em> button is disabled until the form is in a valid state. When the form is valid, you can click <em>Save</em> and the app renders the current form values as JSON. This proves that any user input is bound back to the data model. Saving and retrieving the data is an exercise for another time.</p><p translation-result="on">完整的表单是这样的：</p><p translation-origin="off">The final form looks like this:</p><div class="lightbox"><img src="generated/images/guide/dynamic-form/dynamic-form.png" alt="Dynamic-Form" width="316" height="230"></div><p translation-result="on"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#top">回到顶部</a></p><p translation-origin="off"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#top">Back to top</a></p></div></div></aio-doc-viewer></main></mat-sidenav-content></mat-sidenav-container><div class="toc-container no-print ng-star-inserted"><aio-lazy-ce selector="aio-toc"><aio-toc ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div class="toc-inner no-print collapsed ng-star-inserted"><ul class="toc-list"><li class="h1 ng-star-inserted active" title="动态表单"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#dynamic-forms">动态表单</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="启动/引导 (bootstrap)"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#bootstrap">启动/引导 (bootstrap)</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="问卷问题模型"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#question-model">问卷问题模型</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="问卷表单组件"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#question-form-components">问卷表单组件</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="问卷数据"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#questionnaire-data">问卷数据</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="动态模板"><a href="guide/dynamic-form#dynamic-template">动态模板</a></li></ul></div></aio-toc></aio-lazy-ce></div><footer class="no-print"><aio-footer><div class="grid-fluid"><div class="footer-block ng-star-inserted"><h3>资源</h3><ul><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="about" title="Angular 贡献者。">关于</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="resources" title="网络上的 Angular 工具、培训、博客等">资源列表</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="presskit" title="我们的联系方式、LOGO 和品牌">宣传资料</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="https://blog.angular.io/" title="Angular 官方博客">博客</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="analytics" title="Angular 使用情况分析">使用情况分析</a></li></ul></div><div class="footer-block ng-star-inserted"><h3>帮助</h3><ul><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/angular" title="Stack Overflow: 这里的社区会回答你关于 Angular 的技术问题">Stack Overflow</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="https://gitter.im/angular/angular" title="和老鸟聊 Angular">Gitter</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="https://github.com/angular/angular/issues" title="在 github 上报告问题和建议。">报告问题</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="https://github.com/angular/code-of-conduct/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md" title="让我们彼此尊重">行为规范</a></li></ul></div><div class="footer-block ng-star-inserted"><h3>社区</h3><ul><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="events" title="Angular events around the world.">活动</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="http://www.meetup.com/topics/angularjs/" title="参加聚会，向别的开发人员学习">聚会</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="https://twitter.com/angular" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="https://github.com/angular/angular" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="contribute" title="向 Angular 做贡献">做贡献</a></li></ul></div><div class="footer-block ng-star-inserted"><h3>多语言</h3><ul><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="https://angular.io/" title="English Version.">English Version</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="https://angular.tw/" title="正體中文版">正體中文版</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="https://angular.jp/" title="日本語版">日本語版</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="https://angular.kr/" title="한국어">한국어</a></li></ul></div></div><p>Super-powered by Google ©2010-2020. 代码授权方式：<a href="license" title="License text">MIT-style License</a>. 文档授权方式：<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a>.</p><p>当前版本：9.0.1-build.79+sha.55f1ef01.</p></aio-footer></footer><div class="cdk-visually-hidden ng-star-inserted"><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</mat-icon></div></aio-shell><noscript><div class="background-sky hero"></div><section id="intro" style="text-shadow:1px 1px #1976d2"><div class="hero-logo"><img src="assets/images/logos/angular/angular.svg" width="250" height="250" alt="Angular"></div><div class="homepage-container"><div class="hero-headline">一套框架，多种平台<br>移动 &amp; 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